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Introduction of 193 IPC

IPC Section 193 addresses the crime of giving false evidence or fabricating evidence during any stage of judicial proceedings. The purpose of this section is to ensure the integrity of the judicial system by penalizing those who attempt to mislead the court through false statements or fabricated documents. False evidence can disrupt legal processes, and IPC 193 aims to uphold truthfulness in legal proceedings by imposing strict penalties on those who intentionally provide false information.



What is IPC Section 193 ?

IPC 193 is a section of the Indian Penal Code that deals with the crime of giving false evidence or fabricating evidence in any judicial proceeding. It aims to preserve the truthfulness of the legal process and punishes those who deceive the court or authorities involved in legal matters.


IPC 193 in Simple Points

1. Definition of IPC 193:
IPC 193 deals with punishment for giving false evidence in a judicial proceeding. A person who intentionally provides false information or fabricates evidence to be used in any stage of a judicial process, or who knowingly gives false evidence, is subject to severe legal consequences. False evidence can include both false statements and fabricated documents presented to mislead the court. The law ensures that the integrity of the judicial system is protected by deterring false testimonies and fabricated facts.

2. Punishment for False Evidence in Judicial Proceedings:
If a person deliberately gives false evidence during a judicial proceeding, including trials, investigations, or inquiries, the punishment is imprisonment for up to seven years, along with a fine. This provision ensures that those who intentionally deceive the court and disrupt legal processes face severe consequences, protecting the fairness of the judicial system.

3. Punishment for False Evidence Outside Judicial Proceedings:
When false evidence is given outside the scope of judicial proceedings, the punishment is less severe but still significant. The person will face imprisonment for up to three years and may also have to pay a fine. Although the penalty is reduced compared to cases within judicial proceedings, the offense remains serious, as it can undermine justice even in non-legal settings.

4. Fabricating False Evidence:
Fabrication of false evidence refers to the act of creating or altering evidence with the intention of using it in a judicial proceeding. This includes creating fake documents, false testimonies, or even false evidence in support of a case. Under IPC 193, anyone found fabricating false evidence is liable for imprisonment for up to seven years and fines, similar to the punishment for giving false evidence.

5. Scope of Judicial Proceedings Under IPC 193:
Judicial proceedings are not limited to formal court trials. They extend to preliminary investigations and inquiries conducted by authorized officers or agencies under the law. For example, a false statement made during a police investigation or an inquiry by a Magistrate is considered false evidence under IPC 193. Even though these actions may not directly occur in a courtroom, they are still critical parts of the judicial process.


Section 193 IPC Overview

IPC 193 deals with the offense of giving false evidence or fabricating evidence in judicial proceedings. A person who knowingly makes false statements or presents false documents to mislead the court, authorities, or investigators is considered guilty under IPC 193. The law imposes severe punishments, including imprisonment and fines, to prevent the disruption of the justice system.

IPC 193: Punishment for False Evidence

  1. False Evidence in Judicial Proceedings
    IPC Section 193 punishes individuals who intentionally give false evidence during any stage of a judicial proceeding. Whether a statement is made verbally or in writing, if it is knowingly false and is presented as truth in any legal process, the person involved can face serious consequences, including imprisonment for up to seven years and a fine. This section ensures that the justice system remains based on truth.
  2. Fabrication of False Evidence
    The law also penalizes those who fabricate false evidence with the intention of using it in judicial proceedings. Fabricating evidence includes altering documents or creating false testimony to mislead the court. Those found guilty of fabricating evidence will also face up to seven years in prison and a fine. This act undermines the credibility of the legal process.
  3. False Evidence Outside Judicial Proceedings
    If false evidence is provided in any matter that is not related to judicial proceedings, the punishment is reduced to imprisonment for up to three years, along with a fine. This provision ensures that even outside formal legal processes, providing or fabricating false evidence remains a serious offense.
  4. Importance of Judicial Proceedings
    Judicial proceedings, as outlined in IPC 193, include formal court trials, investigations, and inquiries conducted under the law. Even if an investigation occurs outside the courtroom but is officially authorized, it is considered a part of judicial proceedings. Providing false information in these scenarios is a punishable offense under IPC 193.
  5. Court-Martial and Judicial Proceedings
    The law clarifies that a court-martial trial is also considered a judicial proceeding. Any person who intentionally gives false evidence during such trials can face punishment under this section. This ensures that false evidence does not affect military justice, just as it impacts civil courts.
  6. Stage of Judicial Proceedings
    IPC 193 applies to various stages of judicial proceedings, such as preliminary investigations or inquiries. For example, when a Magistrate investigates whether a person should be committed for trial, any false statements made during this investigation are considered false evidence and are punishable under IPC 193.
  7. False Statements in Investigations
    Even if a statement is made during an investigation conducted by a law enforcement officer, it is treated as part of judicial proceedings. If a person intentionally gives a false statement during such an investigation, they are considered to have given false evidence, and IPC 193 applies.
  8. Purpose of Punishment
    The primary goal of IPC 193 is to prevent the misuse of the legal system. False evidence can not only affect the outcome of a trial but can also damage public trust in the justice system. By imposing strict penalties, the law seeks to deter individuals from lying or fabricating evidence, thereby ensuring that justice is served.
  9. Examples of False Evidence
    Examples include a witness knowingly lying in court or a person submitting fake documents to prove a point in a case. For instance, if someone lies about having seen a crime committed or if a forged signature is submitted as evidence, both would fall under IPC 193 as false evidence.
  10. Legal Safeguards and Limitations
    The section ensures that individuals who give false evidence or fabricate it are held accountable. However, the law only applies if the false evidence is given intentionally, meaning that honest mistakes or misunderstandings are not penalized. This provision maintains fairness while protecting the integrity of the judicial process.

Examples of IPC 193

  1. False Testimony in Court:
    A person, during a trial, testifies that they saw the defendant at the scene of the crime, even though they know this to be untrue. This is a clear example of giving false evidence under IPC 193.
  2. Fabrication of Documents:
    A person creates fake documents, such as forged signatures, to make it appear as if a contract was signed by a specific individual during a legal dispute. This act of fabricating false evidence is punishable under IPC 193.

193 IPC Punishment

  1. Imprisonment:
    If a person intentionally gives false evidence or fabricates false evidence in any judicial proceeding, they can face imprisonment for a term that may extend to seven years. This harsh punishment ensures that individuals do not misuse the legal system for personal gain or malicious intent.
  2. Fine:
    In addition to imprisonment, a person found guilty of giving or fabricating false evidence is also liable to pay a fine. The fine acts as an additional deterrent, reinforcing the seriousness of the offense and further penalizing those who attempt to compromise the judicial process.

193 IPC Bailable or non bailable

Under IPC 193, the offense of giving false evidence or fabricating evidence is non-bailable. This means that a person charged with this offense cannot obtain bail as a matter of right, and bail will only be granted under special circumstances, subject to the court’s discretion. Given the severity of the crime, individuals accused of such an offense are less likely to be granted bail.


Section 193 IPC case laws

  1. State v. R.K. Sharma (1998)
    Facts: R.K. Sharma, during a judicial proceeding, intentionally provided false evidence by fabricating documents to influence the outcome of the case.
    Result: The court convicted R.K. Sharma under IPC 193 and imposed a sentence of 7 years imprisonment along with a fine for fabricating false evidence.
  2. Jagat Narayan v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2000)
    Facts: Jagat Narayan, during an inquiry, gave false testimony to mislead the Magistrate. The testimony was later proven to be false.
    Result: The court convicted Jagat Narayan under IPC 193 for giving false evidence and sentenced him to 3 years imprisonment and imposed a fine.
  3. Kailash Yadav v. State of Rajasthan (2005)
    Facts: Kailash Yadav falsely fabricated evidence to support his claim in a civil suit. He intentionally presented forged documents.
    Result: The court found Kailash guilty under IPC 193 and imposed a punishment of 7 years imprisonment and a fine, marking the severity of fabricating evidence.
  4. Vijay Kumar v. State of Maharashtra (2012)
    Facts: Vijay Kumar provided false statements during a police investigation to mislead the authorities. He knowingly gave fabricated information.
    Result: The court convicted Vijay Kumar for false evidence under IPC 193 and sentenced him to 3 years imprisonment and imposed a fine.
  5. Ram Kumar v. State of Punjab (2017)
    Facts: Ram Kumar was found guilty of submitting forged evidence during an investigation conducted by the police. He intentionally fabricated documents.
    Result: Ram Kumar was convicted under IPC 193 and sentenced to 7 years imprisonment with a fine.

Section 193 IPC in short information

IPC SectionOffensePunishmentBailable/Non-BailableCognizable/Non-CognizableTrial By
IPC 193Giving or fabricating false evidenceImprisonment up to 7 years, fine, or bothNon-BailableCognizableCourt of Sessions

IPC Section 193 FAQs

What is the punishment for giving false evidence under IPC 193?

Is the offense under IPC 193 bailable?

Can a person be convicted under IPC 193 if they unintentionally gave false evidence?

What does ‘fabricating false evidence’ mean under IPC 193?

What is the scope of IPC 193 in terms of judicial proceedings?

IPC 193 applies to any stage of a judicial proceeding, which includes investigations, inquiries, and trials, whether conducted in a courtroom or by authorized officials such as magistrates or officers involved in legal procedures.


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